The CPC Central Committee's Proposal on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development

(Adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 23, 2025)

The 4th Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China thoroughly analyzed the international and domestic situations and put forward the following recommendations for formulating the "15th Five-Year" Plan for national economic and social development.

1. The "15th Five-Year" period is a critical phase for fundamentally achieving socialist modernization.

(1) During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China has achieved significant accomplishments. This five-year span has been marked by an exceptionally challenging and extraordinary journey. Faced with a complex and turbulent global landscape, as well as daunting domestic tasks aimed at reform, development, and stability, the Party Central Committee—with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core—has united and led the entire Party, people of all ethnic groups across the country, to rise to the occasion, forge ahead with determination, and steadfastly overcome the severe impact of the century's pandemic. We have effectively tackled a series of major risks and challenges, propelling the cause of the Party and the nation to new heights of achievement. Economic performance has remained stable while making steady progress, with high-quality development advancing steadily. Significant breakthroughs have been made in scientific and technological innovation, fostering the growth of advanced productivity. Comprehensive deepening of reform has gained further momentum, while high-level opening-up continues to expand. Whole-process people’s democracy has continued to deepen, and the rule of law has been effectively implemented across the board. Cultural undertakings and industries have flourished, delivering a vibrant array of spiritual and cultural products. Meanwhile, efforts to safeguard people’s livelihoods have yielded solid results, and achievements in poverty alleviation have been consolidated and extended. Meanwhile, the transition toward green, low-carbon development has accelerated, leading to sustained improvements in ecological and environmental quality. National security capabilities have been significantly enhanced, and social governance effectiveness has grown, ensuring overall societal stability. Remarkable strides have also been made in national defense and military modernization. The practice of "One Country, Two Systems" has continued to advance in depth, while China’s distinctive approach to major-country diplomacy has expanded comprehensively. Finally, comprehensive and strict governance of the Party has produced remarkable outcomes, with anti-corruption efforts deepening further. As a result, the Party’s creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness have markedly improved. China’s economic, scientific, and overall national strength have reached new milestones, marking a solid step forward on the path of Chinese-style modernization. This has set a promising start for embarking on the new journey toward the second centenary goal. These momentous achievements are fundamentally rooted in the visionary leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core—and in the guiding principles of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

(2) The "15th Five-Year Plan" period holds a crucial, pivotal position as a bridge between the past and the future in the process of basically achieving socialist modernization. Achieving socialist modernization is a historically progressive journey marked by steady, step-by-step advancement and continuous development—requiring unwavering dedication and sustained efforts. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical phase for laying a solid foundation and making comprehensive strides toward fully realizing socialist modernization. During this time, we must consolidate and expand our existing strengths, break through bottlenecks and constraints, and address key weaknesses. Only then can we seize strategic initiative amid intense international competition, drive major breakthroughs in strategically vital tasks that shape China's path to modernization, and ultimately establish an even stronger foundation for achieving basic socialist modernization.

(3) During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, China’s development environment is facing profound and complex changes. Relations among major powers are shaping the global landscape, while evolving international dynamics are profoundly influencing domestic development. As a result, China’s growth is at a time when strategic opportunities coexist with rising risks and challenges, accompanied by an increasing number of unpredictable and uncertain factors. Internationally, the once-in-a-century global transformation is accelerating, leading to deep adjustments in the balance of international power. Meanwhile, a new wave of scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations is rapidly advancing, creating significant breakthroughs. This positions China favorably to proactively manage its international space and shape the external environment. At the same time, the world is witnessing a complex interplay of turmoil and instability, with frequent geopolitical conflicts on the rise. Unilateralism and protectionism are gaining momentum, while hegemonic and power-based political threats are escalating. Consequently, the global economic and trade order is grappling with severe challenges, and the drivers of global economic growth remain weak. Moreover, competition among major powers has become even more intricate and intense. Domestically, China enjoys a solid economic foundation, numerous advantages, robust resilience, and vast untapped potential. The long-term positive trends and underlying conditions supporting sustained growth remain unchanged. In particular, the institutional strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the unparalleled scale and depth of our market, the comprehensive and well-rounded industrial system, and our abundant human resource advantages are all becoming increasingly evident. However, challenges persist as well. Issues such as imbalanced and inadequate development remain prominent, with insufficient effective demand and persistent bottlenecks in the smooth operation of the domestic economic loop. Transitioning from old to new growth drivers remains a daunting task, while agricultural and rural modernization continues to lag behind. Additionally, employment and household income face considerable pressure, and there are still gaps and weaknesses in social welfare systems. Meanwhile, demographic shifts are posing fresh challenges to economic development and social governance. Finally, risks and vulnerabilities persist in key areas, underscoring the need for continued vigilance and proactive measures.
Opportunities lie within every change, and challenges inspire our fighting spirit. The entire Party must deeply grasp the decisive significance of "two establishments," strengthen the "four consciousnesses," firmly uphold the "four confidences," and ensure "two safeguards." We must remain steadfast in our strategic resolve, bolster our unwavering confidence in victory, proactively identify changes, adapt to them, and embrace transformation. Courageously confronting even the most daunting tests—marked by fierce winds, towering waves, and turbulent seas—we must summon the historical initiative to overcome obstacles, navigate risks, and meet challenges head-on. Above all, we must concentrate our efforts on managing our own affairs effectively, continuing to write new chapters of the two great miracles: rapid economic growth and long-term social stability—and relentlessly forging ahead to create a new landscape for Chinese-style modernization.

2. Guiding Principles and Key Objectives for Economic and Social Development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

(4) Guiding principles for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period: Adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Thought of the "Three Represents," and the Scientific Outlook on Development. Fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply internalize the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and all subsequent plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee. Focused on comprehensively building a modern socialist country and achieving the second centenary goal, we will advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization in a comprehensive manner. We will coordinate the overall layout of the "Five-in-One" approach, synergistically promote the strategic arrangements of the "Four Comprehensives," manage both domestic and international contexts effectively, fully and accurately implement the new development philosophy, accelerate the establishment of a new development pattern, uphold the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, remain steadfastly centered on economic development, prioritize high-quality growth as our primary theme, harness innovation and reform as the fundamental driving forces, and place meeting the people's ever-growing aspirations for a better life at the core of our efforts. Underpinned by the overarching guarantee of comprehensively strengthening Party governance, we will strive to achieve a genuine qualitative leap in economic performance, along with rational quantitative growth. This will enable us to make solid strides toward the well-rounded development of individuals and ensure that common prosperity for all the people is within reach, ultimately securing decisive progress toward the basic realization of socialist modernization.

(5) Principles that must be followed for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

— Uphold the Party's overall leadership. Firmly safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, enhance the Party's ability to set direction, grasp the overall situation, formulate policies, and promote reform, and ensure that the Party's leadership permeates every aspect and stage of economic and social development, thereby providing a fundamental guarantee for China's socialist modernization drive.

——Uphold the people as the supreme priority. Respect the people’s central role, rely firmly on the people, safeguard their fundamental interests, and promote social equity and justice. Emphasize ensuring and improving people’s livelihoods through development, while leveraging these very needs to unlock new avenues for growth. By doing so, we can foster coordinated economic and social progress, enabling material and spiritual civilizations to complement each other harmoniously—and ultimately ensure that the fruits of modernization benefit all people more equitably and inclusively.

——Adhere to high-quality development. Lead development with a new development philosophy, tailor approaches to local conditions for cultivating new forms of productive forces, strengthen the domestic major circulation, ensure smooth flow in both domestic and international dual circulations, coordinate efforts to expand domestic demand with deepening supply-side structural reforms, accelerate the fostering of new growth drivers, and drive continuous economic structural optimization and upgrading. Focus on enhancing new growth areas while revitalizing existing ones, thereby promoting sustained, healthy economic growth and comprehensive social progress.

— Uphold comprehensive deepening of reform. Focus on institutional and mechanistic barriers that hinder high-quality development, push forward reforms at a deeper level, expand high-standard opening-up, and foster better alignment between production relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic base, as well as national governance and social progress, thereby continuously boosting development momentum and societal vitality.

— Uphold the combination of an effective market and a proactive government. Fully leverage the market’s decisive role in resource allocation, while enhancing the government’s role to better serve the economy. Together, build a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, fostering a rule-of-law-based economy and a credit-driven economy. Strive to create a world-class business environment that is both market-oriented, rule-of-law-based, and internationally integrated—ensuring an economic order that is not only vibrant but also effectively governed.

— Uphold the coordinated approach to development and security. Prioritize safety in development, and pursue development through enhanced security; strengthen bottom-line thinking, effectively prevent and address various risks, and bolster economic and social resilience—using a new security framework to safeguard the new development paradigm.

(6) The main goals for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

——High-quality development has achieved remarkable results. Economic growth has remained within a reasonable range, total factor productivity has steadily improved, and the household consumption rate has risen significantly. Meanwhile, domestic demand continues to strengthen as the primary driver of economic growth, fully unlocking the economy’s growth potential. The construction of a unified national market has advanced in depth, further highlighting the advantages of our ultra-large-scale market. Significant progress has also been made in new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, while major breakthroughs have been realized in fostering new forms of productive forces, reshaping the development paradigm, and building a modernized economic system.

——The level of scientific and technological self-reliance and strength has significantly improved. The overall effectiveness of the national innovation system has been markedly enhanced, and a development model integrating education, science, technology, and talent has essentially taken shape. Meanwhile, foundational research and original innovation capabilities have been notably strengthened, while breakthroughs in critical core technologies across key areas have accelerated. Consequently, the number of fields where China is keeping pace with or even leading global advancements has grown substantially. Moreover, there is now a deep convergence between technological innovation and industrial innovation, further amplifying the driving role of innovation in fostering economic growth and competitiveness.

——Further comprehensive deepening of reform has achieved new breakthroughs. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity continues to advance in depth, the socialist market economic system has become even more robust, the mechanisms for high-level opening-up have been further refined, the institutionalization, standardization, and proceduralization of whole-process people's democracy have been elevated, and the building of a socialist country under the rule of law has reached new heights.

——The level of social civilization has significantly improved. Cultural confidence has become even stronger, mainstream public opinion continues to consolidate and grow, core socialist values are widely embraced, and the nation’s cultural innovation and creativity are constantly being unleashed. As a result, people enjoy richer spiritual and cultural lives, the sense of unity within the Chinese nation has markedly strengthened, the influence of Chinese culture has expanded considerably, and the country’s soft power continues to rise.

——People’s quality of life continues to improve. Significant progress has been made toward high-quality, full employment, with residents’ income growing in tandem with economic growth, and labor compensation rising in sync with increased labor productivity. Meanwhile, the income distribution structure has been optimized, the middle-income group continues to expand, the social security system has become more robust and sustainable, and the level of equal access to basic public services has markedly improved.

——China’s efforts to build a beautiful nation have achieved new, significant progress. A green production and lifestyle have largely taken shape, the carbon peak target has been met as scheduled, and a preliminary clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient new energy system has been established. Meanwhile, total emissions of major pollutants continue to decline, while the diversity and stability of ecosystems are steadily improving.

——The national security shield has become even stronger. China’s national security system and capabilities have been further reinforced, with risks in key areas effectively prevented and addressed. Meanwhile, the quality of social governance and public safety management has significantly improved. As a result, the centennial goal for building a strong military has been achieved as scheduled, and the development of a higher-level, safer China is steadily advancing.
Building on this foundation, let's strive for another five years to achieve by 2035 a significant leap in our country's economic, scientific, technological, defense, and overall national strength, as well as its international influence. By then, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed nations, people's lives will be even happier and more fulfilling, and we will have basically achieved socialist modernization.

3. Build a modern industrial system and strengthen the foundation of the real economy.

The modern industrial system is the material and technological foundation of Chinese-style modernization. We must firmly focus on developing the real economy as the key driver of economic growth, while adhering to the directions of intelligentization, green development, and integration. This includes accelerating the building of a manufacturing powerhouse, a quality-focused nation, a spacefaring nation, a transportation powerhouse, and a cyber power. At the same time, we must maintain an appropriate share of manufacturing and establish a modern industrial system anchored by advanced manufacturing sectors.

(7) Optimize and upgrade traditional industries. Drive quality improvement and upgrading in key sectors, strengthening the global competitiveness and positioning of industries such as mining, metallurgy, chemicals, light industry, textiles, machinery, shipbuilding, and construction within the global industrial division of labor. Enhance the autonomy and controllability of industrial chains, reinforce efforts to rebuild industrial foundations and tackle critical technological challenges in major equipment. Continuously implement initiatives aimed at high-quality development of priority manufacturing industry chains, fostering the growth of advanced manufacturing clusters. Promote technological upgrades and transformations, accelerating the digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing. Encourage the adoption of smart manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing models, while speeding up the evolution of industrial models and corporate organizational structures. Strengthen capabilities in quality and technical infrastructure, bolster standards leadership, elevate internationalization efforts, and enhance brand-building initiatives. Finally, optimize industrial layouts to facilitate the orderly domestic relocation of key industries.

(8) Foster and strengthen emerging industries and industries of the future. Focus on building robust, new pillar industries. Implement an industrial innovation initiative that integrates the development of innovative infrastructure, advances technology research and development, and drives continuous product iteration and upgrades. Accelerate the growth of strategic emerging industry clusters, including next-generation energy, advanced materials, aerospace, and the low-altitude economy. Additionally, enhance the industrial ecosystem by launching large-scale demonstration projects for cutting-edge technologies, groundbreaking products, and innovative applications, thereby speeding up the scalable expansion of these burgeoning sectors.
Looking ahead, we will strategically position ourselves in emerging industries, exploring diverse technological pathways, cutting-edge application scenarios, viable business models, and market regulatory frameworks. This approach aims to propel quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen and fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications—among others—into new pillars of economic growth. At the same time, we will innovate regulatory practices, foster venture capital investments, and establish robust mechanisms for scaling up future-industry investments while effectively managing associated risks. Additionally, we will support the specialized, sophisticated, and innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises, nurturing the rise of unicorn companies along the way.

(9) Promote high-quality and efficient development of the service sector. Implement initiatives to enhance service-sector capacity and improve service quality, further open up the service industry, deepen regulatory reforms, refine the supporting policy framework, and expand the number of high-quality market players. By advancing productivity-oriented services toward specialization and higher ends of the value chain in a sector-specific manner, we will foster the development of lifestyle services that are both high-quality, diverse, and highly convenient. Additionally, we will elevate the integration of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture, driving the digital and intelligent transformation of the service sector. Strengthen efforts in establishing service standards, enhancing quality, and building robust service brands. Finally, we will strengthen the service-sector statistical monitoring system to ensure comprehensive and accurate data collection and analysis.

(10) Build a modern infrastructure system. Strengthen integrated planning of infrastructure, optimize its layout and structure, promote integration and convergence, and enhance both safety resilience and operational sustainability. Appropriately advance the development of new infrastructure, driving the construction and efficient, intensive use of information and communication networks, the nationwide integrated computing network, and major scientific and technological infrastructure projects. Simultaneously, accelerate the upgrading and digital- and intelligence-driven transformation of traditional infrastructure. Improve the modern comprehensive transportation system by reinforcing cross-regional coordinated planning and seamless intermodal connectivity, while ensuring robust coverage and accessibility in underserved areas. Additionally, establish a diversified and resilient international transport network. Optimize the layout of critical energy corridors and step up efforts to develop cutting-edge energy infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a modern water network to bolster flood and drought resilience, improve integrated water resource management and allocation, and enhance water supply security for both urban and rural communities. Finally, promote the development of dual-purpose public infrastructure—designed to serve both routine needs and emergency situations—in urban areas.

4. Accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, leading the development of new-quality productive forces.

Chinese-style modernization must be underpinned by the modernization of science and technology. By seizing the historic opportunities presented by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, we will coordinate efforts to build a strong education system, a strong science and technology sector, and a powerful talent pool. This will enhance the overall effectiveness of the nation’s innovation ecosystem, comprehensively strengthen our capacity for independent innovation, secure a leading position in scientific and technological development, and continuously catalyze the emergence of new, high-quality productive forces.

(11) Strengthen original innovation and tackle key core technologies. Refine the new national system for tackling challenges, adopting unconventional measures to drive breakthroughs across the entire innovation chain—particularly in critical areas such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, foundational software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing. Prioritize national strategic needs by launching and implementing a series of major national science and technology initiatives. Enhance the strategic, forward-looking, and systematic planning of basic research, increase the proportion of investment allocated to this area, and provide greater long-term, stable support. Foster a research environment that emphasizes originality and disruptive innovation, optimizing conditions that encourage groundbreaking, game-changing discoveries, and ultimately producing more landmark, pioneering achievements.

(12) Promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. Strategically coordinate the development of national strategic scientific and technological forces, enhancing our ability to tackle complex challenges in a systematic manner. Strengthen independent guarantees for fundamental scientific and technological infrastructure, while simultaneously optimizing the construction of innovation platforms and bases. Improve the regional innovation system by strategically establishing regional centers for technological innovation and high grounds for industry-driven technological advancement, further bolstering the pioneering role of international innovation hubs. Accelerate the efficient commercialization and application of major scientific and technological achievements, setting up dedicated platforms for concept validation and pilot-scale testing. Expand the development and openness of real-world application scenarios, while reinforcing efforts to protect and leverage intellectual property rights. Foster an open innovation ecosystem that is globally competitive. Support young science and technology talents in their entrepreneurial and innovative endeavors. Enhance public outreach on science and technology, cultivate an innovation-oriented culture, and uphold the spirit of scientists. Strengthen the legal, ethical, integrity-based, and security frameworks underpinning scientific and technological progress.
Strengthen the primary role of enterprises in technological innovation, encourage the concentration of innovation resources within businesses, and support enterprises in leading the formation of innovation consortia as well as taking on more national-level scientific and technological research tasks. Additionally, incentivize companies to increase their investments in basic research and foster deep integration among the innovation, industrial, financial, and talent chains. Cultivate and expand globally competitive technology-leading enterprises, provide robust support for high-tech firms and innovative SMEs, and raise the proportion of R&D expenses eligible for additional tax deductions. Furthermore, intensify government procurement efforts aimed at promoting domestically developed, cutting-edge products.

(13) Promote the integrated development of education, science, technology, and talent. Establish and improve a coordinated mechanism for integrated advancement, strengthening alignment in planning, policy synergy, resource integration, and evaluation linkage. This will foster positive interactions between independent scientific and technological innovation and autonomous talent cultivation, ultimately helping to build world-class education, science, and talent hubs with global influence. Focus on collaborative talent development aligned with technological innovation, industrial growth, and national strategic needs. Optimize the layout of higher education institutions, advance reforms in a categorized manner, and streamline discipline frameworks. Deepen efforts to strengthen the construction of "Double First-Class" universities and national interdisciplinary centers, while enhancing the capacity of research institutions, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science-and-technology programs to attract, nurture, and cultivate top-tier talent. Accelerate the development of a robust national talent pool by nurturing a diverse array of professionals, including strategic scientists, tech leaders, outstanding engineers, master craftsmen of major industries, and highly skilled workers. Strengthen cross-sectoral talent collaboration, refine talent structures, and promote balanced regional talent development. Adopt an evaluation approach centered on innovation capability, quality, practical impact, and societal contributions, driving deeper reforms in project review processes, institutional assessments, talent evaluations, and income distribution systems. Simultaneously, facilitate smoother talent exchange channels among universities, research institutes, and enterprises, thereby unleashing greater momentum for innovation and creativity. Deepen international cooperation and exchanges, establish a high-tech talent immigration system, and actively attract and develop exceptional global talent to bolster China's position as a leader in science, technology, and innovation.

(14) Deeply advance the construction of Digital China. Strengthen the foundational institutional framework for data elements, build a nationwide integrated data market that is open, collaborative, and secure, and deepen the development and utilization of data resources. Promote the seamless integration of the real economy with the digital economy, and implement the Industrial Internet Innovation and Development Project. Accelerate innovation in digital and intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence, break through fundamental theories and core technologies, and enhance the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data. Fully roll out the "AI+" initiative, leveraging AI to drive transformative shifts in scientific research paradigms. Strengthen the integration of AI with industrial development, cultural advancement, public welfare initiatives, and social governance, ensuring that we seize the global leadership position in AI-driven industry applications while empowering industries across the board. At the same time, bolster AI governance by refining relevant laws, regulations, policy frameworks, application standards, and ethical guidelines. Finally, strengthen regulatory oversight to foster innovation and sustainable growth in the platform economy.

5. Build a robust domestic market and accelerate the establishment of a new development pattern.

A robust domestic market is the strategic foundation of Chinese-style modernization. We must uphold expanding domestic demand as our strategic cornerstone, while closely integrating policies that benefit people’s livelihoods with measures to boost consumption—and simultaneously aligning investment in physical assets with investment in human capital. By leveraging new demands to drive new supply, and using fresh supply to generate new demands, we can foster a virtuous cycle of mutual reinforcement between consumption and investment, as well as between supply and demand. This approach will enhance the intrinsic momentum and reliability of China’s domestic economic loop.

(15) Vigorously boost consumption. Launch comprehensive, targeted initiatives to stimulate consumer spending. Strategically coordinate efforts to promote employment, increase incomes, and stabilize consumer expectations, while appropriately raising the share of public service expenditures in overall fiscal spending—thereby enhancing residents' purchasing power. Simultaneously, expand the supply of high-quality consumer goods and services. Focus on easing market access and fostering industry integration to broaden opportunities for service-sector consumption, while strengthening brand leadership, upgrading standards, and accelerating the adoption of cutting-edge technologies. This will drive the expansion and sophistication of both goods and services consumption, creating a batch of innovative, high-impact consumer experiences that resonate across diverse sectors. Additionally, nurture internationally recognized consumer-centric cities and explore new avenues for attracting inbound tourism spending. Intensify direct, people-focused inclusive policies, boosting government funding allocated toward essential social welfare programs. Finally, refine the institutional frameworks supporting consumption by removing unnecessary restrictions on key areas like automobiles and housing, establishing robust management systems tailored to emerging consumer trends, models, and scenarios, and ensuring the effective implementation of paid flexible vacation policies. Strengthen consumer rights protection throughout the process.

(16) Expand effective investment. Maintain reasonable growth in investment and enhance its overall efficiency. Optimize the structure of government investment by increasing the share allocated to projects that directly benefit people's livelihoods, and steadily advance the implementation of major national strategies and critical infrastructure projects aimed at bolstering security capabilities. Adapt to demographic shifts and evolving population mobility trends by refining the layout of essential infrastructure and public service facilities, while strengthening investments in human resource development and fostering well-rounded individual growth. Strategically integrate and effectively utilize various forms of government funding, and in regions with solid foundational groundwork, explore the development of comprehensive government investment plans covering all fiscal areas. Strengthen full-process management of government investments. Further deepen reforms in the investment approval system, clearly defining central and local priorities and focus areas for investment. Enhance planning and feasibility assessments, and launch a batch of landmark, high-impact projects. Improve long-term mechanisms that encourage private enterprises to participate in major project construction, leverage the guiding and catalytic role of government investment funds, unlock the vitality of private investment, boost the proportion of private investment, and reinforce market-driven momentum for robust, effective investment growth.

(17) Resolutely eliminate bottlenecks and obstacles that hinder the construction of a unified national market. Strengthen the foundational institutional frameworks of the unified market, refine systems related to property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, mergers and acquisitions, and market exit mechanisms, and remove barriers in areas such as factor acquisition, qualification certification, bidding processes, and government procurement. At the same time, regulate local governments' economic promotion activities, tackling both local protectionism and market segmentation. Comprehensively address "involutionary" competition patterns. Enhance unified market regulation and enforcement, reinforce quality oversight, improve the benchmark system for administrative discretion, and step up antitrust and anti-unfair competition enforcement and judicial efforts—ultimately fostering a market order characterized by high-quality products fetching premium prices and healthy, competitive dynamics. Additionally, establish seamless, integrated circulation rules and standards, ensure high-standard connectivity of market infrastructure, and reduce overall societal logistics costs. Finally, refine statistical, fiscal, and performance evaluation systems that support the development of a unified national market, while optimizing the distribution of benefits between corporate headquarters and branch offices, as well as between production hubs and consumer regions.

6. Accelerate the establishment of a high-level socialist market economic system and enhance the driving force for high-quality development.

A high-level socialist market economy system is a crucial safeguard for Chinese-style modernization. We must uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, further enhance the guiding role of economic structural reform, and refine the macroeconomic governance framework—ensuring that high-quality development progresses steadily and sustainably over the long term.

(18) Fully unleash the vitality of all types of market entities. Uphold and implement the "two unwavering commitments," fostering complementary advantages and common growth among economic sectors of various ownership forms. Deepen state-owned asset and state-owned enterprise reforms, strengthening, optimizing, and scaling up state-owned enterprises and state capital. Advance the strategic optimization and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, enhancing the core functions and boosting the competitive edge of state-owned enterprises. Implement the Law on Promoting the Private Economy, ensuring, through legal and institutional frameworks, equal access to production factors, fair participation in market competition, and effective protection of legitimate rights and interests, thereby enabling the robust development of the private sector. Support the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and individual businesses, and promote coordinated, integrated development among large, medium-sized, and small enterprises. Strengthen enforcement and judicial protection of property rights, and enhance judicial oversight over coercive measures such as seizure, detention, and freezing. Finally, refine China's distinctive modern enterprise governance system, champion the entrepreneurial spirit, and accelerate the building of more world-class enterprises.

(19) Accelerate the improvement of market-based allocation mechanisms for production factors. Promote the efficient distribution of various types of resource elements, and establish a sound, unified urban-rural construction land market, a well-functioning capital market, a smoothly operating labor market, and a highly efficient technology transfer market. Prepare a macro-level balance sheet to comprehensively assess existing resource assets and optimize the asset-liability structure. Refine policies related to mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcy proceedings, and asset swaps, ensuring that underutilized land, idle properties, and existing infrastructure are revitalized and put to productive use. Enhance legal frameworks governing the renewal of land-use rights for industrial and commercial purposes, and steadily advance renewal procedures in accordance with the law. Furthermore, promote the efficient reuse and sharing of existing state-owned assets held by government agencies and public institutions nationwide. Finally, foster seamless integration between judicial enforcement actions and bankruptcy procedures, enabling the lawful and effective release of seized or frozen assets.

(20) Enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance. Strengthen the strategic guiding role of national development plans, reinforce coordination among fiscal and monetary policies, and fully leverage the impact of industrial, price, employment, consumption, investment, trade, regional, environmental protection, and regulatory policies. This will help foster a more robust economic development model driven by domestic demand, boosted by consumer spending, and sustained by endogenous growth. Additionally, strengthen counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments, implement more proactive macroeconomic policies, and consistently maintain stable growth, stable employment, and stable expectations. Ensure greater consistency in macroeconomic policy orientations, enhance evaluation of policy implementation outcomes, refine expectation management mechanisms, and optimize comprehensive performance assessments for high-quality development.
Leverage the role of proactive fiscal policies to enhance fiscal sustainability. Strengthen scientific management of public finances, improve the integrated planning and allocation of fiscal resources and budgets, and reinforce financial support for major national strategic initiatives as well as essential livelihood programs. Deepen reforms in zero-based budgeting, centralize budget allocation authority, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditures, and bolster budget performance management. Refine the local tax and direct tax systems, strengthen tax policies on business income, capital gains, and property income, and ensure transparency and standardization of tax incentive measures, while maintaining an appropriate overall level of macroeconomic tax burden. Appropriately enhance central government responsibilities and increase the proportion of central fiscal spending. Simultaneously, boost local governments' autonomous fiscal capacity. Strengthen financial and accounting oversight. Accelerate the establishment of a long-term, robust framework for managing government debt that aligns with high-quality development goals.

Accelerate the building of a financially strong nation. Enhance the central banking system, establish a scientific and robust monetary policy framework, and develop a comprehensive macroprudential regulatory framework that ensures thorough oversight. Streamline the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Vigorously promote technology-driven finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. Strengthen the inclusiveness and adaptability of the capital market system, and refine its ability to seamlessly integrate investment and financing activities. Actively expand direct financing channels such as equity and bond markets, while steadily advancing futures, derivatives, and asset-backed securities. Optimize the financial institution structure by encouraging all types of financial institutions to focus on their core businesses, improve governance, and pursue differentiated development paths. Build secure and efficient financial infrastructure. Gradually roll out the digital RMB. Accelerate the development of Shanghai into an international financial hub. Comprehensively strengthen financial regulation, enhance coordination between central and local regulators, diversify risk management tools and resources, and establish a robust system for preventing and resolving financial risks—ensuring the stable and sound operation of the financial sector.

7. Expand high-level opening-up to the outside world and forge a new landscape of win-win cooperation.

Upholding open cooperation and mutual benefit for win-win outcomes is an inevitable requirement of China's path to modernization. We will steadily expand institutional openness, safeguard the multilateral trading system, and deepen international economic linkages—using openness to drive reform and development, thereby sharing opportunities and fostering common growth with countries around the world.

(21) Actively expand independent opening-up. Align with international high-standard economic and trade rules, focusing on the service sector to broaden market access and deepen openness in key areas, while also expanding both unilateral and regional dimensions of openness. Accelerate the negotiation and implementation of regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements, further extending the network of high-standard free trade zones. Optimize the regional layout of opening-up initiatives, fostering diverse and dynamic platforms for enhanced openness. Implement a strategic upgrade for pilot free trade zones, and build the Hainan Free Trade Port to world-class standards. Strategically plan and develop major open cooperation platforms spanning technological innovation, service trade, industrial development, and more. Promote the internationalization of the RMB, elevate the level of capital account opening, and establish an independent, controllable cross-border payment system for the yuan. Additionally, drive reforms in global economic and financial governance, advocating for the creation and preservation of a fair, just, open, inclusive, and mutually beneficial international economic order.

(22) Promote innovative development in trade. Enhance the quality and efficiency of foreign trade, and accelerate the building of a trading powerhouse. Drive market diversification and integrate domestic and foreign trade, while optimizing and upgrading merchandise trade. Expand trade in intermediate goods and green trade, and foster balanced growth in imports and exports. Vigorously develop service trade, encourage service exports, refine the negative list management system for cross-border service trade, and elevate the standardization level of service trade. Foster innovation in digital trade and steadily advance openness in the digital sector. Strengthen the functions of trade promotion platforms and support the growth of new business models such as cross-border e-commerce. Finally, improve export control and security review mechanisms.

(23) Expand the space for two-way investment cooperation. Forge new advantages in attracting foreign investment by effectively implementing the "entry and operation simultaneously" policy, further shortening the negative list for foreign investment access, and encouraging reinvestment of foreign capital within China. Strengthen the service and guarantee system for foreign investors, fully deliver on national treatment principles, promote efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border data flows, and foster a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Additionally, enhance the effectiveness of outbound investment management, improve comprehensive overseas service systems, advance trade-and-investment integration, and guide the rational and orderly cross-border deployment of industrial and supply chains.

(24) Jointly build the Belt and Road Initiative with high quality. Strengthen alignment with the strategies of co-building countries, and enhance integrated management of cooperative planning. Deepen "hard connectivity" in infrastructure, "soft connectivity" in rules and standards, and "heart-to-heart connectivity" with people from co-building nations. Optimize the layout of a multi-dimensional, interconnected network, and steadily advance both landmark flagship projects and small-scale yet impactful initiatives that benefit local communities. Elevate the development level of China-Europe (Asia) freight trains, and accelerate the construction of the New Western Land-Sea Corridor. Deepen practical cooperation in trade, investment, industry, and cultural exchanges, while exploring new avenues for collaboration in areas such as green development, artificial intelligence, the digital economy, health, tourism, and agriculture. Further refine a diversified, sustainable, and risk-controllable investment and financing framework. Strengthen protection of overseas interests.

8. Accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and steadily advance the comprehensive revitalization of rural regions.

Agricultural and rural modernization is crucial to the overall vision and quality of China's distinctive modernization. We must remain committed to addressing the "three rural issues" as the top priority for the entire Party, fostering integrated urban-rural development, steadily consolidating and expanding the achievements made in poverty alleviation, ensuring that rural areas are progressively equipped with modern living standards, and accelerating the building of a strong agricultural nation.

(25) Enhance agricultural productivity and improve the quality and efficiency of the sector. We will simultaneously focus on boosting output capacity, promoting eco-friendly production practices, increasing yields while boosting farmers' incomes, and fostering integrated development across science-based, green, quality-focused, and brand-driven agriculture—transforming agriculture into a modern, large-scale industry. We will intensify efforts to implement the new round of initiatives aimed at raising grain production capacity by 100 billion jin, thereby strengthening our ability to ensure a stable supply of critical agricultural products like grain. At the same time, we will firmly safeguard the red line for arable land, rigorously enforce the balance between land occupation and restoration, and optimize the overall layout of agricultural land use. High-quality advancement of high-standard farmland construction will be prioritized, alongside robust measures to protect black soil and promote the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali lands, ultimately enhancing the overall quality of cultivated land. We will deepen the implementation of the Seed Industry Revitalization Initiative, accelerate the research and application of advanced, intelligent agricultural machinery tailored for hilly and mountainous regions, and foster the seamless integration of superior farmland, high-quality seeds, cutting-edge technology, and optimal farming practices to maximize efficiency. Moreover, we will uphold a balanced approach that integrates crop cultivation with forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries, while vigorously developing modern facility-based agriculture to build a diversified food supply system. Additionally, we will nurture the forest-understory economy and strengthen the forestry and grassland industries. Finally, we will stabilize the rural land contract system, steadily advancing pilot programs to extend the second round of contracts—originally set to expire—by another 30 years. By promoting moderately scaled agricultural operations, improving the quality of emerging agricultural business entities, refining the convenient and efficient agricultural social service system, and bridging the gap between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture, we aim to achieve a harmonious integration of traditional farming practices with cutting-edge agricultural innovation.

(26) Promote the construction of livable, work-friendly, and aesthetically pleasing rural areas. Drawing on the lessons learned from the "Ten Million Project," tailor strategies to local conditions, refine rural development implementation mechanisms, and advance rural revitalization in a categorized, orderly, and region-specific manner. Gradually enhance the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of living environments. Meanwhile, strategically optimize village and town layouts, and drive integrated planning, construction, management, and maintenance of county-level infrastructure systems. Collaboratively strengthen land-space governance at the county level, steadily carry out comprehensive land consolidation across entire regions, and continuously improve rural living environments. With a persistent, determined approach—like driving in a single nail—we will tackle pressing issues such as rural toilet upgrades and waste accumulation around villages, swiftly addressing these challenges. This effort will accelerate efforts to close gaps in modern rural living conditions, creating high-quality living spaces in the countryside. Additionally, foster distinctive county-level economies, unlock the multiple functions of agriculture, and promote deep integration among primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. By nurturing and expanding specialized rural industries, we’ll strengthen mechanisms that connect farmers with agricultural growth, ultimately boosting their incomes for sustained prosperity.

(27) Enhance the effectiveness of policies aimed at strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching rural areas. Establish a diversified investment framework featuring fiscal priority, financial sector focus, and active social participation, ensuring that investment in rural revitalization continues to grow steadily. Protect and boost farmers' enthusiasm for farming and grain production, while strengthening policy support and coordination through measures such as price mechanisms, subsidies, and insurance programs. Increase efforts to compensate regions that are major grain-producing areas, and implement inter-provincial horizontal compensation mechanisms between producing and consuming regions. Strengthen management of grain procurement, sales, and reserves. Promote diversification in agricultural product imports, fostering alignment between trade activities and domestic production. Facilitate two-way flows of urban and rural resources, encouraging talents from cities to return to rural areas for service, entrepreneurship, and employment opportunities. Promote the efficient and intensive use of collectively-owned construction land in rural areas, legally unlocking and making good use of idle land and vacant buildings, and providing tailored land-use guarantees to support rural development. Support the growth of new forms of rural collective economies.
Coordinate the establishment of a normalized mechanism to prevent relapse into poverty and new poverty, adhere to targeted assistance, improve safety-net-based safeguards, strengthen development-oriented support, boost intrinsic motivation, provide tiered and categorized assistance to less-developed regions, refine support policies for key counties prioritized in rural revitalization, and ensure that large-scale relapses into or onset of poverty are effectively prevented.

9. Optimize regional economic layouts and promote coordinated regional development.

Regional coordinated development is an intrinsic requirement of Chinese-style modernization. By leveraging the synergistic effects of the regional coordination strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zone strategy, and the new urbanization strategy, we can optimize the layout of key productive forces, harness the growth-pole role of priority regions, and build a regional economic framework and land-space system characterized by complementary advantages and high-quality development.

(28) Enhance coordination in regional development. Solidly advance the new development pattern emerging from the large-scale western development initiative, achieve fresh breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, accelerate the rise of central China, and speed up the modernization process in eastern regions—thus fostering balanced development across the east, central, west, south, and north. Strengthen and elevate the role of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as engines driving high-quality growth. Continuously promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, while simultaneously advancing ecological protection and high-quality development along the Yellow River Basin. Push forward with high standards and top-notch quality the construction of Xiong'an New Area as a modern, cutting-edge city, and enhance the development potential of the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle. Encourage regions to leverage their unique advantages and showcase their strengths, supporting major economic provinces to take on greater responsibilities and lead the way as models in advancing Chinese-style modernization. Additionally, step up efforts to provide differentiated policy support, helping to spur revitalization and growth in revolutionary old areas, ethnic regions, border areas, and other underdeveloped regions.

(29) Promote coordinated regional development. Advance the construction of major cross-regional and cross-watershed corridors, strengthening infrastructure connectivity across regions. Enhance coordinated and collaborative development among key city clusters, fostering efficient collaboration between regional innovation and industrial chains. Accelerate the growth of city clusters such as the Yangtze River Midstream Region, cultivate several regional central cities, and better leverage these cross-regional, connectivity-driven areas to provide strong support and impetus for broader development. Deepen cooperation across administrative boundaries, refine mechanisms for integrated regional planning, industrial collaboration, and shared benefits, and explore innovative models like basin-based economies.

(30) Optimize the spatial development pattern of land and resources. Strengthen the implementation of the national functional zone strategy, ensuring overall stability in the layout of urbanized areas, major agricultural production regions, and key ecological function zones. At the same time, refine and clarify the boundaries of special functional zones, while enhancing supporting policies and establishing robust assessment and evaluation mechanisms. Promote strategic industrial layouts and optimize the positioning of energy and resource bases. Further improve the land and space planning system, effectively implementing measures to optimize the protection of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, as well as delineating ecological conservation redlines and urban development boundaries. Adopt differentiated, precision-based land-use controls tailored to specific zones and categories. Additionally, grant greater autonomy to provincial governments in coordinating construction land use, explore the adoption of a total construction land control model managed according to planned periods, and implement integrated land supply strategies that balance existing stock with new additions.

(31) Deeply advance a people-centered new model of urbanization. Scientifically and orderly promote the citizenship integration of agricultural migrants by implementing a household registration system based on their place of permanent residence, ensuring access to basic public services. Drive the modernization of governance in mega- and super-large cities, accelerate the integrated development of city clusters and the seamless connectivity within metropolitan areas, optimize urban size and structure, and foster coordinated, compact, and intensive development among large, medium-sized, and small cities as well as towns. Promote urbanization construction—centered around county-level cities—as an important vehicle, enhancing industrial support capabilities and elevating public service standards. Uphold the concept of intrinsic urban development, vigorously carry out urban renewal initiatives, and build modern, people-oriented cities that are innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, culturally rich, and smart. Solidly advance the development of border-town communities.

(32) Strengthen the development, utilization, and protection of marine resources. Uphold integrated land-and-sea planning, enhance our capacity to strategically manage ocean affairs, and drive high-quality growth of the marine economy, accelerating efforts to build a maritime power. Intensify innovation in marine science and technology, consolidate and elevate the competitive edge of the marine equipment manufacturing industry, foster emerging marine industries, and develop modern shipping services. Implement comprehensive marine surveys, observation, and monitoring initiatives, advance the exploration and sustainable use of marine energy resources, as well as coastal and island areas, and reinforce ecological conservation and restoration in key marine regions. Strengthen the support and guarantee system for deep-sea and polar research expeditions. Firmly safeguard our maritime rights and security, and enhance our capabilities in maritime law enforcement and maritime judicial processes.

10. Inspire the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation, and foster the thriving development of socialist culture.
Cultural prosperity and flourishing are a vital hallmark of Chinese-style modernization. Upholding the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological sphere, deeply rooted in the profound and time-honored Chinese civilization, and keeping pace with the trends in information technology, we must develop a new-era socialist culture with Chinese characteristics that boasts robust ideological leadership, spiritual cohesion, compelling moral appeal, and significant international influence—thus steadily advancing the building of a culturally strong nation.

(33) Promote and practice the core socialist values. Deepen the study and publicity of the Party’s innovative theories, and steadfastly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to unify hearts and strengthen convictions. Innovatively implement projects aimed at advancing Marxist theoretical research and education, accelerating the development of an independent knowledge system in China’s philosophy and social sciences. Lead cultural development with core socialist values, leveraging culture’s role in nurturing the mind and cultivating moral character, thereby fostering the nation’s vibrant and uplifting spirit. Promote a culture of integrity and廉洁 (integrity and incorruptibility). Strengthen and improve ideological and political work, advance campus cultural initiatives, make effective use of red resources, and reinforce ideological and moral education among young people. Coordinately promote spiritual civilization construction in both urban and rural areas, enhancing the overall civility of the populace and elevating societal standards of cultural refinement. Strengthen the building and management of online content, and enhance governance capabilities in the cultural sector under information-based conditions.

(34) Vigorously promote cultural undertakings. Foster a healthy cultural environment, enhance the capacity for original cultural creation, and drive high-quality artistic production across fields such as journalism and publishing, radio and television, and literature and the arts. Cultivate and develop a large-scale, well-structured, and highly innovative team of cultural professionals. Widely organize mass cultural activities, and invigorate new forms of popular art emerging in the digital age. Deepen systemic reforms within mainstream media, advancing integrated management of news dissemination and online public opinion to strengthen the ability to guide mainstream discourse. Thoroughly implement initiatives aimed at preserving and promoting China’s outstanding traditional culture, promoting systematic protection and unified oversight of cultural heritage, and reinforcing effective conservation and dynamic preservation of historic cities, districts, towns, and villages. Build and effectively utilize national cultural parks, while establishing a comprehensive system of symbols representing Chinese civilization. Uphold the principle of bringing cultural benefits to the people, and launch initiatives to improve and enhance the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. Promote the development of a society deeply immersed in reading. Simultaneously advance both grassroots sports and competitive sports, accelerating efforts to build a robust sports nation.

(35) Accelerate the development of the cultural industry. Improve the cultural management system and the mechanisms for production and operation. Strengthen both the cultural industry framework and the market structure, nurture outstanding cultural enterprises and brands, and implement a strategy driven by major cultural industry projects. Additionally, adopt proactive cultural economic policies. Promote the integration of culture and technology, leveraging digital and intelligent technologies to empower cultural development and drive an information-driven transformation, thereby fostering innovative cultural business models. Guide and regulate the healthy growth of online literature, online gaming, and online audiovisual content, while reinforcing safeguards for minors in the digital space. Meanwhile, advance efforts to build a tourism powerhouse by enriching the supply of high-quality travel products and elevating the overall quality of tourism services. Enhance the convenience and international appeal of inbound tourism, and further deepen the integration of culture and tourism, vigorously developing the cultural tourism sector to harness culture as a catalyst for economic and social progress.

(36) Enhancing the Reach and Influence of Chinese Civilization. Refine the international communication systems and mechanisms, innovate communication platforms and approaches, strengthen the development of key regional bases, and bolster the global outreach capabilities of mainstream media. Together, these efforts will comprehensively elevate China’s international discourse power, enabling us to tell compelling Chinese stories that showcase a China that is trustworthy, endearing, and admirable on the global stage. Additionally, we will reinforce research on specific regions and countries to boost the effectiveness of our international communications. Furthermore, we will deepen exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, actively promote international cultural and people-to-people exchanges and cooperation, and encourage more cultural enterprises and outstanding cultural products to go global.

11. Strengthen efforts to safeguard and improve people's livelihoods, and steadily advance common prosperity for all the people.

Achieving the people's aspiration for a better life is both the starting point and the ultimate goal of Chinese-style modernization. We must adhere to the principles of doing our best within our capabilities, strengthen inclusive, foundational, and safety-net-focused efforts in improving people's livelihoods, effectively address the urgent, difficult, and concerning issues faced by the public, and ensure smoother pathways for social mobility while enhancing the quality of life for our citizens.

(37) Promote high-quality, full employment. Deeply implement the employment-first strategy, strengthen employment promotion mechanisms, and foster an employment-friendly development model. Enhance coordination between industries and employment opportunities, actively cultivate new professions and job roles, and support enterprises in stabilizing and expanding their workforce. Improve the human resource supply-and-demand matching system, refine the lifelong vocational skills training framework, and reinforce guidance on career choices and hiring practices, effectively addressing structural employment challenges. Further enhance the employment support and public service systems, ensuring stable and expanded employment opportunities for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and veterans, while fostering the healthy growth of flexible and emerging employment models. Increase support for entrepreneurship to amplify its job-creating impact. Additionally, refine the labor standards system and labor relations consultation & coordination mechanisms, bolstering protections for workers' rights and creating a fair, orderly employment environment. Finally, strengthen employment impact assessments and monitoring/early warning systems to proactively manage the effects of external environmental changes and technological advancements on the labor market.

(38) Improve the income distribution system. Uphold the principle of labor-based distribution as the primary mechanism, while allowing multiple forms of distribution to coexist. Increase the share of residents' income in national income distribution, and boost the proportion of labor compensation in primary income distribution. Further refine the primary distribution mechanism, ensuring that all factors of production are evaluated by the market based on their contributions, with remuneration determined accordingly—rewarding those who work harder, possess higher skills, and drive innovation. Enhance mechanisms for determining workers' wages, promoting reasonable wage growth and safeguarding payment systems; implement collective bargaining on wages, strengthen the framework for adjusting minimum wage standards, and reinforce macro-level guidance on corporate wage distribution. Expand property-related income sources for urban and rural residents through diversified channels. Strengthen redistribution measures such as taxation, social security, and transfer payments to ensure greater equity. Promote and regulate the development of public welfare and charitable initiatives. Maintain orderly income distribution and wealth accumulation practices, supporting hardworking individuals who innovate and pursue legitimate paths to prosperity. Encourage those who become prosperous first to help others catch up, fostering shared prosperity for all. Implement initiatives aimed at boosting incomes for both urban and rural residents, effectively increasing earnings among low-income groups, steadily expanding the size of the middle-income class, and prudently moderating excessively high incomes. Eliminate illegal income streams and actively promote the emergence of an "olive-shaped" income distribution pattern.

(39) Provide education that truly satisfies the people. Implement the "Cultivating Virtue and Nurturing Talent in the New Era" initiative, fostering effective integration between ideological and political classrooms and real-world learning environments. Strengthen physical education, aesthetic education, and labor education, while continuously improving the education evaluation system. Establish a sound mechanism for allocating educational resources that aligns with demographic shifts, ensuring sufficient educational opportunities for children moving into urban areas as net population inflows increase. Steadily expand the scope of free education and explore extending the compulsory education period. Promote high-quality expansion and improvement in basic education, coordinating balanced development of equitable and high-quality compulsory education, as well as inclusive and high-quality preschool education. Simultaneously, enhance resource availability in general high schools, and ensure excellence in special education and specialized education programs. Drive higher education toward both quality enhancement and capacity expansion, particularly by increasing enrollment in high-quality undergraduate programs. Elevate the capabilities of vocational schools, nurturing distinctive, high-level institutions of higher vocational education. Guide and regulate the healthy growth of private education. Further deepen high-level international engagement in education. Finally, champion the spirit of educators, cultivating a world-class teaching workforce while strengthening measures to ensure teachers' professional rewards and benefits. Additionally, refine the collaborative mechanisms among schools, families, and society to support holistic student development. Comprehensively advance the digital transformation of education, optimizing lifelong learning public services for maximum accessibility and effectiveness.

(40) Strengthen the social security system. Enhance and implement the nationwide unified basic pension insurance system, accelerate the development of a multi-tiered, multi-pillar pension system, refine mechanisms for determining and adjusting benefits, and gradually increase basic pensions for urban and rural residents. Improve the multi-level medical insurance framework, promote provincial-level integration of basic medical insurance, and optimize policies related to centralized drug procurement, medical insurance payments, and the use of surplus funds. Expand coverage of unemployment and work-related injury insurance, and establish a robust occupational injury protection system. Refine policies governing the transfer and continuation of social insurance relationships, boosting participation rates among flexible workers, migrant farmers, and those in new forms of employment. Strengthen the actuarial system for social insurance, continue transferring state-owned capital to bolster social security funds, and enhance long-term mechanisms for fund mobilization, pooled allocation, preservation, appreciation, and secure oversight. Leverage various commercial insurance products to provide complementary protection. Optimize the nationwide unified public service platform and administrative management services for social security. Further improve the social assistance system, refining support frameworks for vulnerable groups such as elderly individuals living alone, children in difficult circumstances, and people with disabilities. Establish and refine a comprehensive system of basic funeral services. Uphold the fundamental national policy of gender equality, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Strengthen services and protections for veterans.

(41) Promote high-quality development of the real estate sector. Accelerate the establishment of a new real estate development model, and refine foundational systems governing commodity housing development, financing, and sales. Optimize the supply of affordable housing to meet the basic housing needs of urban wage-earners and various families facing financial hardship. Tailor policies to individual cities by increasing the availability of housing designed for home improvement. Build "good homes" that are safe, comfortable, green, and smart, while implementing initiatives to enhance housing quality and elevate property management service standards. Establish a comprehensive safety management system covering the entire lifecycle of residential properties.

(42) Accelerate the building of a Healthy China. Implement a health-first development strategy, improve the policy and institutional framework for health promotion, enhance the effectiveness of the Patriotic Health Campaign, and raise both average life expectancy and overall public health standards. Strengthen public health capacity by bolstering the disease control and prevention system to effectively tackle major infectious diseases. Foster a coordinated and well-governed ecosystem integrating medical care, health insurance, and pharmaceuticals, while promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment services. Guided by public welfare principles, deepen reforms in public hospital staffing, service pricing, salary systems, and comprehensive regulatory frameworks, ensuring robust operational support for county-level, district-level, and grassroots healthcare facilities. Optimize the functional positioning and spatial layout of medical institutions, launch the "Strengthening the Foundation of Healthcare" initiative, and advance the digital and intelligent transformation of national health services. Intensify efforts in the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases, developing integrated prevention, treatment, and management services across the entire care continuum. Comprehensively enhance emergency response capabilities, including emergency medical services, blood supply assurance, and disaster preparedness. Strengthen the capacity and professional conduct of healthcare personnel. Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine, fostering greater integration between TCM and Western medicine. Support the development of innovative drugs and medical devices, while reinforcing mental health and psychiatric care services.

(43) Promote high-quality population development. Establish a comprehensive population service system that covers all people and spans their entire life cycle. Encourage positive attitudes toward marriage and childbearing, optimize policies supporting fertility and introducing incentive measures, and leverage the roles of childcare subsidies and personal income tax deductions to effectively reduce the financial burden of childbirth, parenting, and education for families. Enhance the maternity insurance system, ensure the implementation of maternity leave policies, and launch initiatives such as early pregnancy care programs and plans aimed at strengthening capabilities in preventing birth defects and promoting healthy pregnancies. Deeply advance pilot programs offering subsidies for childcare services, fostering inclusive, accessible, and integrated early childhood and preschool care solutions, while gradually refining related institutional frameworks. Strengthen health services tailored to women and children. Actively address population aging by improving policy mechanisms that promote coordinated development between elderly care services and industries. Optimize the provision of basic elderly care services, enhance the rural-urban elderly care service network, and intensify efforts to adapt public facilities for age-friendliness and accessibility. Expand integrated medical and caregiving services, as well as medical and elderly care combined models. Implement long-term care insurance schemes, refine systems for caring for seniors with disabilities or cognitive impairments, and increase the availability of rehabilitation, nursing, and palliative care services. Proceed cautiously with the gradual extension of the statutory retirement age, refine age-related employment and social security policies, actively tap into the potential of older workers, and nurture the silver economy.

(44) Steadily advance the equalization of basic public services. Establish evaluation standards for equalizing basic public services, refine the scope and content of these services, and formulate clear goals, pathways, and measures to achieve service equity. Actively promote the extension of more public services to grassroots levels, rural areas, remote regions, and communities facing financial hardship, while also improving the mechanism for allocating public resources in alignment with the resident population. Strengthen coordinated planning of basic public service provision at the county level and enhance long-term mechanisms for ensuring adequate funding. Comprehensively deepen reforms of public institutions.
12. Accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and build a Beautiful China.
Green development is the distinct underlying tone of Chinese-style modernization. We must firmly establish and put into practice the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," using carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as our guiding principles. By synergistically advancing efforts to reduce carbon emissions, curb pollution, expand green spaces, and promote growth, we will strengthen the ecological safety barrier and boost the momentum for green development.

(45) Continue to deepen efforts in tackling pollution and optimizing ecosystems. Uphold the principle of environmental protection for the people, fully implement precise, scientific, and law-based pollution control, and place greater emphasis on addressing issues at their source. Strengthen synergies between pollution reduction and carbon emission cuts, promote coordinated control of multiple pollutants, and enhance integrated regional governance. Vigorously fight the battles to safeguard clean air, clear water, and healthy soil. Accelerate the implementation of a regulatory system for stationary pollution sources, centered around the pollutant discharge permit system. Launch comprehensive actions to manage solid waste effectively. Intensify environmental risk prevention and control, and further advance efforts to tackle emerging contaminants. Enhance the systems for ecological and environmental standards, monitoring, assessment, and performance evaluation.
We must uphold the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, grasslands, and sandy areas, while coordinating and advancing major projects aimed at safeguarding and restoring critical ecosystems. Strictly adhere to ecological redlines, comprehensively promote the establishment of a nature reserve system centered around national parks, and steadily establish new national parks. Strengthen biodiversity conservation efforts and conduct comprehensive assessments of ecological protection and restoration outcomes. Scientifically implement large-scale afforestation initiatives across the country, and wage a tough battle to successfully carry out the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project. Enhance ecological barrier construction in regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Improve diversified ecological compensation mechanisms, tailoring approaches to local conditions and expanding channels for realizing the value of ecological products. Strengthen systematic management and ecological protection of major rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, and rigorously enforce the decade-long fishing ban on the Yangtze River.

(46) Accelerate the construction of a new energy system. Continuously increase the share of new energy sources in our energy supply, promote the safe, reliable, and orderly replacement of fossil fuels, and focus on building a modern power system to strengthen our nation as an energy powerhouse. We will adhere to a diversified approach that integrates wind, solar, hydro, nuclear, and other energy sources, while effectively coordinating local consumption with long-distance transmission to drive high-quality development of clean energy. At the same time, we’ll enhance the clean and efficient utilization of fossil fuels, advancing the upgrading and transformation of coal-fired power plants and phasing out scattered coal usage. Furthermore, we’ll comprehensively improve the power system’s ability to complement and support each other, bolstering its resilience and security. This includes strategically planning pumped-storage hydropower facilities, vigorously developing advanced energy storage technologies, and accelerating the construction of smart grids and microgrids. Additionally, we’ll raise the electrification rate of end-use energy consumption and promote greener, lower-carbon energy consumption patterns. Finally, we’ll expedite the establishment of robust market and pricing mechanisms tailored to the needs of this new energy system.

(47) Actively and steadily advance and achieve carbon peaking. Implement a dual-control system targeting both total carbon emissions and carbon intensity. Deeply promote energy-saving and carbon-reduction upgrades. Drive coal and oil consumption to peak levels. Enhance the carbon emission statistics and accounting system, and steadily roll out local carbon assessment mechanisms, industry-level carbon management frameworks, enterprise-based carbon management practices, project-level carbon evaluations, and product carbon footprint initiatives. Develop distributed energy systems and build zero-carbon factories and industrial parks. Expand the coverage of the national carbon emissions trading market, and accelerate the establishment of a voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market. Establish and improve a robust green and low-carbon standards system, fostering leadership in refining and aligning international rules and standards for mutual recognition. Strengthen the climate change adaptation framework and enhance capabilities to tackle climate-related challenges, particularly extreme weather events.

(48) Accelerate the establishment of green production and lifestyle patterns. Deeply advance ecological and environmental zoning management, strengthen alignment with land-space planning, and collaboratively optimize industrial layouts. Drive green and low-carbon transformations in key sectors such as industry, urban and rural development, transportation, and energy. Enhance resource conservation and total-amount management systems, improve waste sorting and resource utilization efficiency, and foster the growth of a circular economy. Continuously build national pilot zones for ecological civilization, create pioneering areas for a beautiful China, and develop highlands for green development. Implement fiscal, financial, investment, pricing, technological, and environmental policies that support green and low-carbon development. Strengthen mechanisms to incentivize green consumption and promote sustainable, low-carbon lifestyles.
13. Advance the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, and build a China that is safer and more secure at an even higher level.
Building a Peaceful China is an important component of Chinese-style modernization. We must steadfastly uphold the overall national security outlook and follow the path of social governance with Chinese characteristics under socialism, ensuring that society remains vibrant yet orderly.

(49) Strengthen the national security system. Consolidate a centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative leadership structure for national security, accelerate the development of a new security framework, and enhance our strategic capability to safeguard and shape national security proactively. Adhere to a strategy-driven approach, leverage policy as the key tool, rely on the rule of law for robust safeguards, and focus on risk prevention and control. Continuously refine the legal, strategic, policy, and risk-management frameworks that underpin national security. Strengthen coordination mechanisms in critical areas and key specialized fields of national security, boosting our capacity for rapid response and effective crisis management. Implement the national security accountability system, fostering seamless collaboration across all stages and elements to create synergistic systemic strength. Additionally, improve mechanisms for safeguarding national security in foreign affairs, establish comprehensive overseas security protection systems, intensify efforts against sanctions, interference, and "long-arm jurisdiction," and deepen international cooperation in law enforcement and security. Together, these measures will help advance global security governance. Finally, reinforce national security education to build a solid defense line among the people.

(50) Strengthen national security capacity-building in key areas. Forge practical, battle-ready national security capabilities, with a particular focus on safeguarding critical security interests that ensure the country’s long-term stability, economic health and resilience, and the well-being of its people. Prioritize the defense of political security above all else. Solidify the foundational pillars of national security by ensuring the safety of food supplies, energy resources, vital industrial chains and supply networks, and major infrastructure systems. Enhance strategic mineral resource exploration, development, and reserves, while improving the efficient and secure management of water resources. Simultaneously, protect the security of strategic transportation corridors and advance initiatives to build up the nation’s strategic hinterlands and establish backup systems for critical industries. Additionally, bolster national security capacity-building in emerging fields such as cybersecurity, data security, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, ecological security, nuclear technology, space, deep-sea exploration, polar regions, and low-altitude domains. Finally, enhance the ability to identify and address risks in key areas, systematically managing and resolving challenges related to real estate, local government debt, and small- and medium-sized financial institutions—while vigilantly preventing systemic risks from escalating.

(51) Enhance the governance of public safety. Improve the public safety system and promote a shift in public safety governance toward proactive prevention. Strengthen monitoring, forecasting, and early warning systems for meteorological, hydrological, and geological hazards, while boosting capabilities in disaster prevention, mitigation, relief, and response to major public emergencies. Simultaneously, reinforce emergency command, workplace safety, and food and drug safety efforts. Elevate the inherent safety standards of critical infrastructure to effectively curb severe and especially grave accidents. Deepen the comprehensive social security prevention and control system and enhance its capacity-building initiatives, ensuring accountability for maintaining social stability. Expand and strengthen community-based preventive and collaborative policing efforts, refine the regularized mechanism for tackling organized crime and eliminating gang-related violence, and step up measures to prevent and combat telecom and cyber fraud as well as drug-related crimes. Advance the standardized construction of integrated governance centers. Further deepen comprehensive governance of cybersecurity in the digital realm, with a particular focus on bolstering personal information protection. Strengthen prevention and intervention strategies targeting juvenile delinquency and criminal activities. Finally, fully and accurately implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with strictness, ensuring that illegal and criminal acts are duly punished according to law, while enhancing the quality and effectiveness of penal enforcement.

(52) Enhance the social governance system. Uphold systematic, law-based, comprehensive, and source-oriented governance approaches, and refine the social governance framework that promotes co-construction, co-governance, and shared benefits, thereby advancing the modernization of social governance. Strengthen the institutional mechanisms for social work, and improve the policy and legal framework governing social governance. Reinforce Party building within new economic organizations, emerging social organizations, and among newly employed groups. Intensify efforts to nurture and manage social organizations, while driving reforms and developments in industry associations and chambers of commerce. Strengthen Party-led grassroots governance and the building of grassroots political systems, fully implementing the list of responsibilities assigned to townships (subdistricts). Establish and refine the system for vetting community-level tasks. Uphold and carry forward the "Fengqiao Experience" of the new era, bolstering rural governance and enhancing community-based governance. Empower the people as the primary agents, encouraging all stakeholders to participate systematically in social governance. Promote coordinated online and offline governance initiatives. Strengthen the allocation of grassroots service and management resources, and enhance service infrastructure along with funding support mechanisms. Leverage the roles of civic charters, village rules, and family guidelines, while reinforcing family education and fostering positive family traditions. Actively advance efforts to reshape customs and practices, effectively addressing outdated behaviors and norms prevalent in weddings, funerals, and other significant life events.
Improve and refine the mechanism for engaging with and serving the public, thereby strengthening the grassroots foundation of social governance. Strengthen ideological and political guidance, enhance service management for various social groups, and establish robust systems for coordinating interests and safeguarding legitimate rights and interests. Show care and concern for vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. Additionally, build a comprehensive social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanisms. Enhance the functionality of public service platforms like the citizen hotline, ensuring that "when the people have concerns, we respond promptly." Promote volunteerism by strengthening the management of volunteer organizations. Advance the rule of law in handling letters and visits from the public. Deeply encourage proactive efforts to resolve conflicts and disputes at their root causes—through diversified, systematic, and orderly approaches. Finally, bolster the development of the social work workforce and elevate the professionalism of service delivery.

14. Achieve the centennial goals for the armed forces as scheduled, and steadily advance the modernization of national defense and the military with high quality.
Consolidating national defense and building a strong military are the strategic underpinnings of Chinese-style modernization. We must thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's Thought on Strengthening the Military, adhere to the military strategic guidelines for the new era, uphold the Party's absolute leadership over the people's armed forces, and enforce the system of responsibility vested in the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. Guided by the new "three-step" strategy for the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, we will advance political military building, reform-driven military strengthening, science-and-technology-powered military enhancement, talent-focused military development, and law-based military governance. While simultaneously engaging in struggle, preparing for war, and advancing construction, we will accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, thereby enhancing our strategic capability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

(53) Accelerate the development of advanced combat capabilities. Strengthen strategic deterrence forces to safeguard global strategic balance and stability. Promote the scaled, practical, and systematic advancement of operational forces in emerging domains and with new qualities, while speeding up the development of unmanned, intelligent combat systems and countermeasures. Simultaneously, enhance the modernization and upgrading of conventional combat forces. Coordinate the construction and application of networked information systems, intensify the development and utilization of data resources, and build an intelligent military system. Urgently advance the construction of a modernized logistics support system. Implement major national defense development projects, accelerate innovation in defense technology and the commercialization of cutting-edge technologies, and expedite the development of advanced weapons and equipment. Optimize policies and systems for military human resources, elevate the quality of education and training provided by military academies, and cultivate a high-caliber, specialized cadre of next-generation military professionals. Carry out initiatives to modernize military theory. Deepen strategic and operational planning, rigorously advance realistic combat training, strengthen the integration of operational capability systems, innovate models for building and deploying combat power, and enhance the military’s ability to respond decisively, proactively, and shapeively to evolving challenges.

(54) Advance the modernization of military governance. Enhance the leadership, management, and institutional mechanisms of the People's Armed Forces, and refine and optimize the joint operations system. Strengthen and improve strategic management, deepen the integrated planning of combat, construction, and equipment development, reinforce the alignment with operational needs, innovate management approaches and tools, and boost the operational efficiency of military systems as well as the effectiveness of defense resource utilization. Intensify advisory reviews for major decision-making and oversight of key projects, push forward reforms in military budget management, refine the military procurement system, and upgrade the statistical evaluation framework for armed forces development. Fully implement the principle of building a lean and efficient military through frugality, pursuing a path of high efficiency, low cost, and sustainable growth. Continuously deepen political training and education, uphold fine traditions, and strengthen targeted rectification and governance in critical sectors and areas. Deeply advance the rule-of-law-based development of the military, bolstering both the provision of relevant laws and regulations and their enforcement oversight, thereby perfecting the Chinese-style military legal system.

(55) Strengthen and enhance the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. Deepen cross-military and civilian reforms, fostering a work framework characterized by clear responsibilities, close collaboration, and standardized, orderly operations. Accelerate the development of strategic capabilities in emerging fields, promoting the efficient integration of advanced productivity with cutting-edge combat power—creating a mutually reinforcing, two-way dynamic. Build an advanced defense science, technology, and industrial system, optimize its spatial layout, and advance the widespread adoption of common military-civil standards. Enhance the alignment between military requirements and civilian input, ensuring that major infrastructure projects fully meet defense needs while bolstering proactive defense planning. Speed up the development of national defense mobilization capabilities, strengthen the reserve forces, and reinforce modern border, maritime, and air defense systems. Collaboratively mobilize Party, government, military, police, and civilians to fortify borders and safeguard national security. Deepen nationwide defense education initiatives and further solidify the bonds of unity among the military, government, and people.

15. Let us unite the entire Party, the nation, and all ethnic groups across the country to strive toward the realization of the 14th Five-Year Plan.

Upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese-style modernization. We must uphold the principle of using the Party's self-revolution to lead social revolution, consistently push forward comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, enhance the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, capacity to organize the masses, and ability to rally society, and continuously improve the Party's capacity and competence in leading economic and social development—thus rallying powerful forces to propel Chinese-style modernization forward.

(56) Uphold and strengthen the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Improve the mechanisms for implementing major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, ensuring seamless communication across all levels and robust execution. Continuously use the Party's innovative theories to unify thinking, align wills, and synchronize actions. Foster intra-party democracy, refine and enforce the system of democratic centralism, and consistently adhere to scientific, democratic, and law-based decision-making. Adhere to the right approach in selecting and appointing officials, prioritizing political criteria above all else, fostering a sound understanding of proper performance evaluation, and refining cadre assessment and evaluation systems. Adjust cadres who are found unfit for their current roles, promoting a regularized practice of enabling leaders to both rise and fall based on merit. Strengthen education, training, and hands-on practical experience to enhance the capacity of the cadre队伍 in advancing modernization. Combine strict management with genuine care, balancing incentives with accountability, thereby unlocking the intrinsic motivation and overall vitality of the cadre workforce. Simultaneously advance the building of grassroots Party organizations across various sectors, bolstering their political and organizational functions while encouraging Party members to exemplify exemplary leadership. Relentlessly implement the spirit of the Central Committee’s Eight-Point Regulations, resolutely tackling all forms of unhealthy practices and institutionalizing作风建设 (style-building) as a long-term, ongoing effort. Deeply engage in addressing formalism to alleviate burdens at the grassroots level. Further improve the Party and state oversight system, strengthening norms and supervision over the allocation and operation of power. Maintain a clear and unwavering commitment to combating corruption—recognizing that this battle is an ongoing journey. Pursue comprehensively the strategies of making corruption unaffordable, unpreventable, and unthinkable, firmly waging a tough, sustained, and holistic campaign against corruption. Together, cultivate a political environment characterized by integrity, transparency, and positive energy.

(57) Advance the building of socialist democracy and the rule of law. Firmly uphold the path of political development with Chinese characteristics, organically integrating the leadership of the Party, the people being masters of the country, and governance according to law. Foster whole-process people's democracy and continuously improve the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics. Uphold, refine, and effectively implement the system of People's Congresses, ensuring that state organs exercise their powers and fulfill their duties in accordance with the law, and guaranteeing that the democratic rights and legitimate interests of the people are safeguarded and realized. Strengthen and improve the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, leveraging the role of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) as a specialized institution for consultation. Enhance coordination among various channels of consultation, promoting the broad, multi-level, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy. Reinforce grassroots democratic systems, enabling the people to manage local public affairs and community projects in accordance with the law. Establish robust mechanisms for gathering public opinion and pooling collective wisdom. Further enhance the roles of trade unions, the Communist Youth League, the All-China Women's Federation, and other mass organizations, strengthening policies to support workforce development, youth empowerment, and initiatives benefiting women and children. Promote the comprehensive advancement of human rights. Refine the overarching framework for united front work, consolidating and expanding the broadest patriotic united front. Solidify the sense of community among the Chinese nation and advance the building of a shared Chinese national identity. Uphold the direction of Sinicization of religion in China, while reinforcing the rule-of-law-based governance of religious affairs. Fully implement the Party’s overseas Chinese affairs policies, fostering greater unity and cohesion among overseas Chinese communities.

Uphold the comprehensive rule of law, and collaboratively advance scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and public compliance with the law. Strengthen the implementation and oversight of the Constitution and laws, and improve institutional mechanisms that ensure the unity of the national legal system. Enhance legislative planning and review processes to elevate the quality of legislation. Reinforce the building of a law-based government, fully implement the filing and review of administrative normative documents, and refine mechanisms for effectively resolving administrative disputes. Promote the development of digital platforms for political and legal work, bolstering cross-departmental collaboration and oversight in law enforcement and judicial activities. Standardize the exercise of judicial power, refine systems for ensuring judicial fairness and evaluating judicial outcomes, and enhance the impartiality, stability, and authority of judicial rulings. Strengthen prosecutorial oversight and intensify efforts in public interest litigation. Safeguard, in accordance with the law, individuals' rights to personhood, property, and dignity; establish robust, long-term mechanisms to regulate law enforcement practices involving businesses, while preventing and correcting inappropriate off-site enforcement and enforcement practices driven by profit motives. Improve the national enforcement system to effectively address the persistent challenge of "difficult enforcement." Accelerate the development of a foreign-related legal framework and capacity-building initiatives, refining international commercial mediation, arbitration, and litigation mechanisms. Intensify supervision and inspection of leading officials' adherence to the law, and refine comprehensive mechanisms for evaluating the rule of law. Advance the construction of a law-based society, fostering an environment where the entire community respects the rule of law, upholds established norms, honors contracts, and safeguards fairness and justice.

(58) Promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao. Firmly uphold the principles of "One Country, Two Systems," "Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong," "Macao people administering Macao," and a high degree of autonomy. Fully implement the principles of "Patriots Governing Hong Kong" and "Patriots Governing Macao," enhance the effectiveness of law-based governance in Hong Kong and Macao, and foster robust economic and social development in both regions. Support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating into and contributing to the nation's overall development agenda, strengthen economic, trade, scientific, technological, and cultural cooperation between the two regions and the mainland, and refine policies and measures that facilitate the development and quality of life for Hong Kong and Macao residents on the mainland. Leverage Hong Kong and Macao's unique advantages—standing firmly rooted in the motherland while maintaining close ties with the global community—to consolidate and elevate Hong Kong's status as an international financial, shipping, and trade hub. Back Hong Kong in its ambitious goal of becoming a global innovation and technology center, and continuously highlight Macao's pivotal role as "one center, one platform, and one base." Furthermore, actively support Macao in pursuing balanced and diversified economic growth, and assist both regions in establishing themselves as premier destinations for attracting top-tier international talent.

(59) Promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and advance the grand cause of national reunification. Thoroughly implement the Party's overarching strategy for addressing the Taiwan issue in the new era, firmly crack down on "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, oppose interference from external powers, and safeguard peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait—ensuring we firmly hold the initiative and lead in shaping cross-Strait dynamics. Deepen cross-Strait exchanges and cooperation, jointly preserving and promoting Chinese culture. High-quality advance the construction of demonstration zones for integrated development across the Strait, strengthen industrial collaboration, and boost economic cooperation between both sides. Implement policies that grant Taiwan compatriots equal treatment, creating better conditions for them to study, work, and live on the mainland, thereby enhancing the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the Strait.

(60) Promote the building of a community with a shared future for humanity. Advocate for a multipolar world characterized by equality and order, as well as an inclusive and mutually beneficial economic globalization. Expand the global network of partnerships and foster the development of new types of international relations. Deepen regional integration and cooperation, strengthen collective security, and cement strategic mutual trust, thereby creating a community with a shared future in our immediate surroundings. Maintain overall stability in major-country relations, deepen solidarity and collaboration with developing nations, and actively implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative—guiding the international order toward greater fairness and equity. Support the Global South in pursuing joint self-reliance and enhancing its capacity for development, while significantly scaling up foreign assistance to provide more global public goods. Resolutely oppose hegemonic practices, bullying behavior, and acts of dominance, safeguarding international fairness and justice, and upholding the common interests of people around the world. Uphold the common values of all humanity, and work together to build a world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, shared prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and environmental sustainability—a vision in which China contributes decisively to the realization of a community with a shared future for humanity.

(61) Fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire society to actively participate in China's path toward modernization. In accordance with the spirit of this plenary session, formulate national and local outlines for the 15th Five-Year Plan period, along with specialized plans, to establish a national planning system that is accurately positioned, clearly defined in scope, mutually complementary in function, and seamlessly integrated. Strengthen monitoring, evaluation, and oversight of plan implementation, refine mechanisms for policy coordination and collaborative efforts, and ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are effectively put into practice. Uphold the principles of respecting labor, valuing knowledge, cherishing talent, and encouraging innovation, thereby unleashing the dynamism of the entire society to pursue entrepreneurship, innovation, and creative endeavors—creating a vibrant environment where everyone can contribute their talents to the fullest, resources are optimally utilized, and people across the nation unite in solidarity to forge ahead with determination and collective strength.
The entire Party, the entire military, and people of all ethnic groups across the country must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, working together to basically achieve socialist modernization and continuously forging ahead—a new chapter in advancing China's distinctive modernization, comprehensively building a strong nation, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.